⬛ TEXTO 1 — Questões (11 a 15)
Adding ethics to public finance
Evolutionary moral psychologists point the way to garnering broader support for fiscal policies
Policy decisions on taxation and public expenditures intrinsically reflect moral choices. How much of your hard-earned money is it fair for the state to collect through taxes? Should the rich pay more? Should the state provide basic public services such as education and health care for free to all citizens? And so on.
Economists and public finance practitioners have traditionally focused on economic efficiency. When considering distributional issues, they have generally steered clear of moral considerations, perhaps fearing these could be seen as subjective.
For the most part, economists have customarily analyzed redistribution in a way that requires users to provide their own preferences with regard to inequality.
There are two — understandable but not fully satisfactory — reasons for this approach. First, economists often wish to be viewed as objective social scientists. Second, most public finance scholars have been educated in a tradition steeped in values of societies that are WEIRD.
Evolutionary moral psychologists have shown that humans decide quickly what seems right or wrong based on instinct and later justify their decision through reasoning.
Moral psychologists have recently shown that many people draw on moral perspectives that go well beyond the golden rule.
Such understanding may help in the design of policies that can muster support from a wide range of groups with differing moral values.
⬛ Adapted from: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2022/03/Addingethics-to-public-finance-Mauro
13. The adjective in “is it fair for the state to collect through taxes” (1st paragraph) is equivalent in meaning to
(A) bewildering.
(B) befuddling.
(C) bemusing.
(D) beguiling.
(E) befitting.
Gabarito: (E)
🧭 1️⃣ Leitura orientada
A questão avalia vocabulário em contexto, exigindo a compreensão semântica do adjetivo fair no trecho do texto.
📝 2️⃣ Análise técnica das alternativas
(A) ❌
Incorreta. Bewildering significa confuso, desconcertante.
(B) ❌
Incorreta. Befuddling também expressa confusão mental.
(C) ❌
Incorreta. Bemusing indica algo curioso ou levemente confuso.
(D) ❌
Incorreta. Beguiling significa encantador ou sedutor.
(E) ✅
Correta. Befitting significa apropriado, justo, adequado,
sentido equivalente a fair no contexto moral do texto.
⚠️ 3️⃣ Armadilhas clássicas da FGV
A FGV explora adjetivos com sonoridade semelhante e prefixos comuns (be-) para induzir o candidato a confundir campos semânticos distintos.
🧠 4️⃣ Resumo B3GE™ Master
✔ Fair = justo / apropriado / adequado.
✔ Contexto moral orienta a escolha lexical.
✔ FGV cobra precisão semântica fina.
🔎 Gabarito confirmado: (E)