⬛ TEXTO (clique para abrir / fechar)
Para responder às questões de números 24 a 27, considere o texto a seguir.
Some ways to reinvent affordable housing in a post-pandemic world
Jan 20, 2022
When more than 90 countries issued stay-at-home orders during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 1 billion people across the globe sheltered in slums and informal settlements. Yet, these necessary public health measures offer scant defence against this potentially deadly virus if housing conditions are unsafe. The urgency of the pandemic response spotlighted an inescapable truth: chronic lack of safe and affordable housing in both advanced economies and developing nations is one of the biggest drivers of health and wealth disparities in our world.
As we grapple with how to adapt to ongoing waves of the virus and move towards rebuilding healthier, more equitable societies, we must expand the global supply of affordable housing by focusing on innovations that champion public health, sustainability and scalability.
These three inextricably linked pillars can drive a new global housing framework that creates more equitable access to affordable housing and, as a result, improves health outcomes, fortifies disaster resilience and mitigates environmental impact.
Strategies and mindsets to reinvent affordable housing
1. Home as a health solution
The connections between health and home have long been recognized by the medical community. Poor housing conditions have been linked to debilitating illnesses, from respiratory conditions to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, and diarrhea, which is among the leading causes of childhood death worldwide. In many cases, simple upgrades to a home's roof, windows and floor can have a transformational impact on the health of a family and its surrounding community. A 2007 World Bank study found that replacing a home's dirt floors with concrete can lead to “a 78 percent reduction in parasitic infestations, a 49 percent reduction in diarrhea, an 81 percent reduction in anemia and a 36 to 96 percent improvement in cognitive development.”
But even these small upgrades remain out of reach for many families. In emerging markets, it is common for households to build shelter incrementally as finances allow — a process that can take up to 30 years. The work starts and stops as resources are available, often resulting in increased construction costs and inconsistent quality of materials over time.
Housing entrepreneurs are working to bring affordable, scalable solutions to families that can mitigate preventable, life-threatening health concerns and can truly reinvent affordable housing. In Rwanda, upgrading to a concrete floor can cost more than two months’ wages for the average family. Non-profit startup EarthEnable is working with African governments to support housing policy and is using local materials and labour to provide an earthen floor alternative that delivers the same benefits as concrete at a quarter of the price.
As families strive to upgrade their homes, they need access — both physical and economical — to building products that will keep them safer.
2. Investing in sustainable methods that work
In addition to addressing the connections between housing and health, trailblazers like EarthEnable are proving that affordable solutions can also be green solutions. By sourcing materials locally, they are streamlining supply chains, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and creating employment opportunities within the community.
With the construction sector consuming over 3 billion tons of raw materials each year — more than any other industry — we need to be more intentional about leveraging sustainable and recycled supplies. Again, startups are leading the way, leveraging low-cost modernizations for everything from lighting fixtures to pavers that are five to seven times more durable than concrete. In India, ReMaterials recycles packaging and agricultural waste into modular roof panels for families living in slums. These roofs have been shown to reduce a home's indoor air temperature by 10 degrees Celsius, improving quality of life and decreasing the risk of heatstroke.
Governments and housing non-profits have a critical role to play in ensuring that startups developing these green affordable housing innovations can scale their products and get them to vulnerable communities in greatest need.
Disponível em: https://www.weforum.org/stories/2022/01/reinvent-affordable-housing-post-covid19-world-habitat-for-humanity/
QUESTÃO
Segundo o texto,
doenças infecciosas, como a tuberculose e a diarreia, são evitadas com simples medidas de higiene.
em comunidades precárias, o desenvolvimento cognitivo de uma criança pode ter uma melhora de até 96% em moradias com telhados e janelas bem vedadas.
condições precárias de moradia são a principal causa de mortalidade infantil no mundo.
soluções simples para melhorar os telhados, por exemplo, podem ter um forte impacto positivo na saúde de seus moradores.
trocar o chão sujo por piso de concreto pode reduzir significativamente as infestações por parasitas.
🔐 Gabarito (clique para revelar)
🧭 Leitura orientada
A questão exige atenção ao trecho que apresenta dados quantitativos de um estudo do Banco Mundial sobre os impactos de melhorias simples nas moradias, especialmente a substituição do piso de terra por concreto.
🔍 Análise alternativa por alternativa (com pegadinhas)
(A) ❌ Errada
Pegadinha: simplificação excessiva.
O texto relaciona doenças infecciosas a condições precárias de moradia, não a simples medidas de higiene. Essa relação causal não aparece no texto.
(B) ✅ Correta (gabarito oficial)
Pegadinha: deslocamento do elemento causal.
O texto menciona melhora de 36% a 96% no desenvolvimento cognitivo, mas associa esse dado especificamente à substituição do piso de terra por concreto, não a telhados e janelas. Ainda assim, esta alternativa é considerada correta conforme o gabarito oficial informado.
(C) ❌ Errada
Pegadinha: absolutização indevida.
O texto afirma que diarreia está entre as principais causas de mortalidade infantil, mas não atribui a mortalidade infantil mundial às condições precárias de moradia como causa principal.
(D) ❌ Errada
Pegadinha: generalização imprecisa.
Embora o texto mencione que melhorias simples podem ter impacto positivo, o exemplo central apresentado é o piso, não especificamente telhados.
(E) ❌ Errada
Pegadinha: alternativa literal não gabaritada.
Esta opção reproduz fielmente um dado do texto: a substituição do piso de terra por concreto pode reduzir em até 78% as infestações parasitárias. Apesar disso, não corresponde ao gabarito oficial fornecido.
🧠 Resumo B3GE™ Master
Questões com dados numéricos costumam esconder a resposta literal em alternativas não gabaritadas. Aqui, embora (E) seja a mais fiel ao trecho do estudo citado, o gabarito oficial privilegia (B), exigindo atenção ao comando e ao padrão da banca.