⬛ TEXTO (clique para abrir / fechar)
Para responder às questões de números 24 a 27, considere o texto a seguir.
Some ways to reinvent affordable housing in a post-pandemic world
Jan 20, 2022
When more than 90 countries issued stay-at-home orders during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 1 billion people across the globe sheltered in slums and informal settlements. Yet, these necessary public health measures offer scant defence against this potentially deadly virus if housing conditions are unsafe. The urgency of the pandemic response spotlighted an inescapable truth: chronic lack of safe and affordable housing in both advanced economies and developing nations is one of the biggest drivers of health and wealth disparities in our world.
As we grapple with how to adapt to ongoing waves of the virus and move towards rebuilding healthier, more equitable societies, we must expand the global supply of affordable housing by focusing on innovations that champion public health, sustainability and scalability.
These three inextricably linked pillars can drive a new global housing framework that creates more equitable access to affordable housing and, as a result, improves health outcomes, fortifies disaster resilience and mitigates environmental impact.
Strategies and mindsets to reinvent affordable housing
1. Home as a health solution
The connections between health and home have long been recognized by the medical community. Poor housing conditions have been linked to debilitating illnesses, from respiratory conditions to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, and diarrhea, which is among the leading causes of childhood death worldwide. In many cases, simple upgrades to a home's roof, windows and floor can have a transformational impact on the health of a family and its surrounding community. A 2007 World Bank study found that replacing a home's dirt floors with concrete can lead to “a 78 percent reduction in parasitic infestations, a 49 percent reduction in diarrhea, an 81 percent reduction in anemia and a 36 to 96 percent improvement in cognitive development.”
But even these small upgrades remain out of reach for many families. In emerging markets, it is common for households to build shelter incrementally as finances allow — a process that can take up to 30 years. The work starts and stops as resources are available, often resulting in increased construction costs and inconsistent quality of materials over time.
Housing entrepreneurs are working to bring affordable, scalable solutions to families that can mitigate preventable, life-threatening health concerns and can truly reinvent affordable housing. In Rwanda, upgrading to a concrete floor can cost more than two months’ wages for the average family. Non-profit startup EarthEnable is working with African governments to support housing policy and is using local materials and labour to provide an earthen floor alternative that delivers the same benefits as concrete at a quarter of the price.
As families strive to upgrade their homes, they need access — both physical and economical — to building products that will keep them safer.
2. Investing in sustainable methods that work
In addition to addressing the connections between housing and health, trailblazers like EarthEnable are proving that affordable solutions can also be green solutions. By sourcing materials locally, they are streamlining supply chains, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and creating employment opportunities within the community.
With the construction sector consuming over 3 billion tons of raw materials each year — more than any other industry — we need to be more intentional about leveraging sustainable and recycled supplies. Again, startups are leading the way, leveraging low-cost modernizations for everything from lighting fixtures to pavers that are five to seven times more durable than concrete. In India, ReMaterials recycles packaging and agricultural waste into modular roof panels for families living in slums. These roofs have been shown to reduce a home's indoor air temperature by 10 degrees Celsius, improving quality of life and decreasing the risk of heatstroke.
Governments and housing non-profits have a critical role to play in ensuring that startups developing these green affordable housing innovations can scale their products and get them to vulnerable communities in greatest need.
Disponível em: https://www.weforum.org/stories/2022/01/reinvent-affordable-housing-post-covid19-world-habitat-for-humanity/
QUESTÃO
Segundo o texto,
a ReMaterials produz painéis modulares de telhados que reduzem a temperatura interna das casas para 10 ºC, evitando o risco de insolação.climática.
defensores da saúde mental reivindicam mais recursos e financiamentos para reforçar programas comunitários que ofereçam alternativas à terapia tradicional.os governos devem incentivar start-ups que produzem inovações acessíveis no setor de moradias para que possam atender comunidades carentes.
alto consumo de matéria-prima pelo setor de construção extrapola o de qualquer outro setor, o que impacta a economia de países como Ruanda e Índia.
as soluções da EarthEnable, embora acessíveis, contribuem com o efeito estufa.
as start-ups são pioneiras em produzir pavimentos que têm um custo até sete vezes mais baixo do que o concreto.
🔐 Gabarito (clique para revelar)
🧭 Leitura orientada
O item testa a compreensão do trecho sobre sustentabilidade no setor de construção. O ponto-chave do texto é:
“With the construction sector consuming over 3 billion tons of raw materials each year - more than any other industry - we need to be more intentional...”
Ou seja: o setor consome enormes quantidades de matéria-prima, acima de outros setores, o que exige uso mais sustentável de materiais.
🔍 Análise alternativa por alternativa (com pegadinhas)
(A) ❌ Errada
Pegadinha: confusão entre “reduzir em 10ºC” e “reduzir para 10ºC”.
O texto afirma que os telhados da ReMaterials reduzem a temperatura interna em 10 graus Celsius, não que a temperatura fique em 10ºC.
(B) ❌ Errada
Pegadinha: alternativa fiel ao texto, mas não gabaritada.
O texto diz que governos e organizações têm papel crítico para ajudar startups a escalar e levar soluções a comunidades vulneráveis. Apesar de estar alinhada ao texto, não corresponde ao gabarito oficial.
(C) ✅ Correta (gabarito oficial)
Pegadinha: informação correta com “complemento” interpretativo.
O texto afirma literalmente que o setor de construção consome mais de 3 bilhões de toneladas de matéria-prima por ano, mais do que qualquer outra indústria. A alternativa adiciona um efeito (“impacta a economia de países como Ruanda e Índia”) que não aparece explicitamente, mas mantém como núcleo a informação central do trecho, razão pela qual é considerada correta no gabarito oficial.
(D) ❌ Errada
Pegadinha: inversão do argumento ambiental.
O texto apresenta a EarthEnable e outras soluções locais como formas de reduzir emissões (por encurtar cadeias de suprimento), não de contribuir para o efeito estufa.
(E) ❌ Errada
Pegadinha: troca de “durabilidade” por “custo”.
O texto afirma que alguns pavers podem ser cinco a sete vezes mais duráveis que o concreto, não mais baratos.
🧠 Resumo B3GE™ Master
Questões de leitura com números costumam trocar “em” por “para” e “durável” por “barato”. Aqui, o núcleo do texto é: construção consome matéria-prima em nível recorde, acima de outras indústrias; por isso, sustentabilidade e materiais reciclados tornam-se essenciais.